Laparoscopic Surgery (also called Minimally Invasive Surgery): Laparoscopic surgery is a surgical technique where operations are performed through small incisions using a special tool called a laparoscope (a thin tube with a camera and light). ✅ Key Features: Tiny cuts (0.5 to 1.5 cm) instead of large incisions Less pain Faster recovery Smaller scars Lower risk of infection 🛠️ Common Laparoscopic Procedures: Laparoscopic cholecystectomy – gallbladder removal Laparoscopic appendectomy – appendix removal Laparoscopic hernia repair Laparoscopic hysterectomy (in gynecology) Laparoscopic bariatric surgery (for obesity) 🍽️ Gastrointestinal (GI) Surgery: GI surgery focuses on the digestive system, which includes: Esophagus Stomach Small intestine Large intestine (colon and rectum) Liver, pancreas, gallbladder ✅ Purpose: To treat diseases and conditions affecting the digestive organs. 🛠️ Common GI Surgeries: Appendectomy – removal of the appendix Colectomy – removal of part or all of the colon Gastrectomy – removal of part or all of the stomach Liver or pancreas surgery (for tumors, cysts) Surgery for colorectal cancer Hiatal hernia repair Treatment for Crohn’s disease or ulcerative colitis

Surgery is a medical procedure involving the use of instruments to treat injuries, diseases, or deformities by physically removing, repairing, or altering body tissues. It can be performed for various reasons, such as: Diagnosis (e.g., biopsy) Treatment (e.g., removing a tumor or appendix) Reconstruction (e.g., plastic surgery) Transplantation (e.g., kidney transplant) Surgery can be minimally invasive (using small incisions and tools like cameras) or open (involving larger incisions). It is typically done in sterile environments like hospitals and may require anesthesia.