Treatments

Gynecology is the branch of medicine that focuses on the health of the female reproductive system (non-pregnant women). ✅ Main Areas: Menstrual problems Fertility issues Contraception Hormonal disorders Infections (e.g., yeast infections, STDs) Diseases of the uterus, ovaries, and cervix (like fibroids, cysts, cancers) 👩‍⚕️ Doctor: Gynecologist 🧪 Common Procedures/Tests: Pap smear Pelvic exam Ultrasound Laparoscopy Hysterectomy (surgical removal of the uterus) 🤰 Obstetrics (OB): Obstetrics deals with pregnancy, childbirth, and postpartum care. ✅ Main Areas: Prenatal care (care during pregnancy) Monitoring fetal development Labor and delivery Postpartum care (after birth) Managing high-risk pregnancies and complications 👩‍⚕️ Doctor: Obstetrician 🛑 Common Conditions Treated: Ectopic pregnancy Pre-eclampsia Gestational diabetes Preterm labor Cesarean delivery (C-section) 🔄 Obstetrics & Gynecology (OB-GYN): Many doctors are trained in both obstetrics and gynecology, and are called OB-GYNs. They care for women throughout all stages of life — from adolescence to pregnancy to menopause.

Neonatology: Neonatology is a specialized branch of Pediatrics that focuses on the medical care of newborn babies, especially: Premature babies (born before 37 weeks) Sick newborns Babies with birth defects, breathing problems, infections, or low birth weight 📍 Age group: From birth to 28 days old 👨‍⚕️ Doctor: Neonatologist 🏥 Common setting: NICU (Neonatal Intensive Care Unit) ✅ Goal: To stabilize and treat newborns who are critically ill or need special care.

Plastic, Cosmetic & Reconstructive Surgery" refers to three interrelated but distinct fields within surgical practice focused on restoring, enhancing, or reshaping the human body: 1. Plastic Surgery: A broad field that includes both reconstructive and cosmetic procedures. Its goal is to restore form and function after trauma, disease, or congenital defects. Examples include burn repair, cleft palate surgery, and hand surgery. 2. Reconstructive Surgery: A subset of plastic surgery that focuses on repairing parts of the body affected by injury, cancer (e.g., breast reconstruction post-mastectomy), congenital anomalies, or disease. 3. Cosmetic Surgery: Also known as aesthetic surgery, this is done to enhance or modify appearance when there is no medical necessity. Common procedures include rhinoplasty, liposuction, facelifts, and breast augmentation. Plastic Surgery: Plastic surgery is a specialty focused on repairing, reconstructing, or restoring parts of the body due to: Birth defects (like cleft lip) Trauma or injury (like burns, accidents) Medical conditions (like after tumor removal) Reconstruction after surgery (e.g., breast reconstruction after mastectomy) ✅ Goal: Restore function and appearance. 🔹 Cosmetic Surgery (Aesthetic Surgery): Cosmetic surgery is a subspecialty of plastic surgery focused solely on enhancing appearance — it's usually elective (not medically necessary). ✅ Goal: Improve appearance, symmetry, and proportion. Plastic Surgery: Plastic surgery is a specialty focused on repairing, reconstructing, or restoring parts of the body due to: Birth defects (like cleft lip) Trauma or injury (like burns, accidents) Medical conditions (like after tumor removal) Reconstruction after surgery (e.g., breast reconstruction after mastectomy) ✅ Goal: Restore function and appearance. 🔹 Cosmetic Surgery (Aesthetic Surgery): Cosmetic surgery is a subspecialty of plastic surgery focused solely on enhancing appearance — it's usually elective (not medically necessary). ✅ Goal: Improve appearance, symmetry, and proportion.

Haemato- Oncology

A nephrologist is a doctor specialized in kidney care, trained to manage complex kidney-related diseases, prescribe dialysis, and monitor kidney transplant patients. 🧪 Tests Often Used in Nephrology: Blood urea nitrogen (BUN) Serum creatinine Glomerular Filtration Rate (GFR) Urinalysis Kidney biopsy Imaging (ultrasound, CT of kidneys) Nephrology is the branch of internal medicine that deals with the diagnosis and treatment of kidney-related diseases. It covers a wide range of conditions, including: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) Acute kidney injury (AKI) Glomerulonephritis Nephrotic and nephritic syndromes Kidney stones Hypertension related to kidney dysfunction Dialysis and kidney transplantation Nephrologists often manage patients with electrolyte imbalances, fluid disorders, and systemic diseases that affect the kidneys, such as diabetes or lupus.

🔬 Oncology: Oncology is the medical specialty that deals with the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of cancer. Types of Oncologists: Medical Oncologist – Uses chemotherapy, hormone therapy, targeted therapy, and immunotherapy. Radiation Oncologist – Uses radiation therapy to kill or shrink cancer cells. Surgical Oncologist – Specializes in surgically removing tumors and nearby tissue (this overlaps with Oncosurgery). Pediatric Oncologist – Treats cancers in children. Hematologist-Oncologist – Deals with blood cancers like leukemia, lymphoma, and myeloma. 🩺 Oncosurgery (Surgical Oncology): Oncosurgery is a subspecialty of oncology that focuses specifically on the surgical management of tumors. Key Roles of Oncosurgery: Biopsy: Removing a sample of tissue to diagnose cancer. Tumor Resection: Removing the primary tumor. Debulking: Removing as much of the tumor as possible when complete removal isn’t possible. Palliative Surgery: Relieving symptoms caused by tumors, like obstruction or pain. Reconstructive Surgery: Rebuilding parts of the body after tumor removal (e.g., breast reconstruction).